1. Proceedings
  2. I3M
  3. 2021
  4. EMSS
  5. 10.46354/i3m.2021.emss.035

Development of a Needle Injection Pad Trainer for Simulating Intradermal, Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Injections: Used in Student Nurse Training 

  • a Lori Lioce ,
  • b Sidney Gunter,
  • c Gary Maddux,
  • d Ishella Fogle,
  • e Bernard Schroer
  • a College of Nursing, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville AL 35899, USA
  • b,c,d Systems Management and Production Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville AL 35899, USA
  • e Center for Management and Economic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville Al 35899, USA
Cite as
Lioce L., Gunter S., Maddux G., Fogle I., Schroer B. (2021). Development of a Needle Injection Pad Trainer for Simulating Intradermal, Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Injections: Used in Student Nurse Training . Proceedings of the 33rd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium (EMSS 2021), pp. 253-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2021.emss.035

Abstract

The objective was to develop a low cost needle injection pad for training nursing students to perform intradermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular injections. Of special focus was to design a pad that had the feel of human tissue and would show a bleb under the skin after a correct intradermal injection. The pad had three layers: dermis, subcutaneous (fat) and muscle. A thin fourth layer was placed over the pad to simulate the epidermis.  The materials to fabricate the pad were Smooth-On Dragon Skin FX-Pro skin silicone rubber (PartA and PartB) and Slacker tactile multilator (PartS). Fourteen pads were made with various mixture ratios of PartA, PartB and PartS. After a subjective evaluation the faculty in the College of Nursing stated that Pad7 had the best feel. The Pad7 dermis layer had a mixture ratio of 1PartA, 1PartB and 0.5PartS; the fat layer had a mixture ratio of 1PartA, 1PartB and 1.5PartS; and the muscle layer had a mixture ratio of 1PartA, 1PartB and 0PartS. Nursing feedback indicated that the 1mm epidermis layer resulted in the best bleb formation and that the pads could be used to check for skin turgor.

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